miércoles, 16 de enero de 2013


Author: Michelle Cordero

THE CITIZEN´S KNOWLEDGE OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN AMERICA AND IN EUROPE
 
United States passes through, one of the worst moments of their life in respecting  the basic principles restricted in the Universal Declaration proclaimed by the General Assembly of the United Nations. The knowledge of what happens in the giant North leads to the conclusion that there's a violation of the basic rights of persons.  The first article states: "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights; they are donated with reason and conscience that should act towards one another "[1]. So, where is the respect of the human rights?... this is what happens every day, because in 2008, there were 4.9 million violent crimes, 16.3 million property crimes and 137,000 people were victims of theft, according to a report by the Department of Justice United States published in September 2009. In that same year, the crime rate stood at 19.3 violent crimes per thousand people aged 12 or older. In addition, some 30,000 Americans die each year in this country with firearms incidents; certainly it is clear that human rights have been violated.

However, human rights in Europe are also disrespect regarding freedom. It should be emphasized that in the second half of the last century, human rights became of age, in Europe and in the United States, and began to be felt in Latin America, which justifies a comparative study of the scope they have gained from both sides of Atlantic. “The most notable difference between them is the concern with the question racial in the United States, which has no counterpart in Europe and Latin America”[2]. The degree of effectiveness of human rights in this hemisphere has not been uniform, due to the presence in several of the dictatorial regimes American republics and also due to the inefficiency of the judiciary in many countries.

For a comparison is necessary to understand that the Constitution of the United States, the European Convention on Human Rights and its protocols and the American Convention on Human Rights are only foundations on which the Supreme Court of the United States, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights have built three buildings similar but not identical. More than any other branch of law, human rights are the result of the jurisprudence of these three great courts. The similarity of the solutions on both sides of the Atlantic show the mutual influence they have had. As an element of conviction, on more than one occasion consecrated first American solution has influenced a European issue, and the solutions of the European Court, numerous and well-founded, visibly influenced by the jurisprudence of the Court, whose Convention is very similar to the European.

The European Court has an international scope on all States of the Council of Europe and the American Court extends its scope over the entire Latin America, except for Cuba, while the Supreme Court of the United States is nothing more than a national court. This difference in political structure has two consequences: first, in Europe the Court has to give the United States discretion in cases where uniformity cannot be imposed, and second, the methods of execution are not the same.

DIFFERENCES:

·         In the United States, the execution of a judgment of the Supreme Court is directly as part of the Federal Government's executive force and effect as a precedent is binding on all courts in the country, both federal and state.

·         In Europe, the judgments of the Court are declarative and implementation depends on the will of the country concerned. When the judgment is contrary to the habits of the country, can produce resistance, not so much to pay the condemnation and adaptation requires legal judgment, p [ate that no other convictions in the future.

·         The rights of man are a changing reality. Every day, especially in Europe, are issued new rulings, which extend the principles to their application to new facts or restrict them to apply to situations not previously covered.

REFERENCES:


 
http://www.hrafdom.com/index.php?do=articles&view=details&id=31&i=41&p=39

 
http://www.humanrights.dk/files/pdf/Engelsk/International/macedonia.pdf

 


[1] http://www.guerrillero.cu/index.php/derechos-humanos/1407-derechos-humanos-en-estados-unidos
[2] http://www.hrafdom.com/index.php?do=articles&view=details&id=31&i=41&p=39

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